Greenhouse for grapes

Greenhouses for grapes: design features

Grown in greenhouse conditions, grapes can produce a higher yield than that grown in open soil. Moreover, in areas with cold climatic conditions, the grapes simply do not have time to ripen. A properly equipped greenhouse for a sunny berry can become a protector of a thermophilic culture from the vagaries of nature.

Design features

Buildings designed for the cultivation of grapes, have certain characteristics. The first thing that affects the size of the greenhouse. The height of the structure must be at least 2.5 meters. Metric area of ​​the greenhouse must have at least 25 square meters. m. To protect the grapes from freezing, under the greenhouse will certainly need to build a foundation. A quality foundation will also prevent the structure from invading weeds and damaging parasites. Covering material for such greenhouses, as a rule, is cellular polycarbonate. This material has proper thermal insulation properties, light passes excellently through it.

For unheated structures can be applied covering film of polyethylene. For the cultivation of grapes requires a solid and durable structure, because in the first year the vineyard can not bear fruit.

Solid construction frame is needed for its long-term use. The skeleton can be made of galvanized profile or shaped pipes.

For the cultivation of grapes that do not tolerate low positive temperatures, the greenhouse must be equipped with heating. In the role of heating installations it is possible to use infrared heating lamps (IR lamps). They are defined in the area of ​​the ceiling. When using such devices, the skeleton of the greenhouse will need to be thoroughly strengthened.

An alternative to IR lamps can be a specialized heating cable, conducted underground. Some varieties of sunny berries need a lot of light. In the northern regions of the deficit of the sun can be replenished by lighting devices. Low pressure mercury lamps (fluorescent lamps) are generally used.

The design also needs to organize an ventilation system to preserve the microclimate. In order for the greenhouse to be ventilated in automatic mode, it is necessary to equip the vents of the building with hydraulic cylinders. This mechanism responds to changes in the temperature of the atmosphere inside the building. As the temperature inside the greenhouse increases, it opens the vents, and when the temperature drops, it closes them.

For irrigation, you can apply the system of automatic irrigation drip. The grapes do not need intensive irrigation.

Automated irrigation system greatly simplifies the care of plantings and delivers the required amount of moisture.

Varieties

For the cultivation of grapes, you can buy a ready-made structure or make it with your own hands. When choosing the type of greenhouse required, some principles of grape cultivation should be taken into account.

By the type of covering material greenhouses under the vineyard are divided into 2 types.

• Polyethylene film. Polyethylene is the most inexpensive way to cover greenhouses. Nevertheless, it does not have a long service life and is suitable only for the cultivation of unpretentious grape species.
• Polycarbonate honeycomb. The durability of this material is 200 times greater than glass. The greenhouse, sheathed with polycarbonate, perfectly covered from strong winds and precipitation.

However, the material has a good translucency and long-term service life. Constructions of polycarbonate plates - this is the most advantageous option for the cultivation of grapes. The configuration of the structure is also of great importance for gardening.

Ideal options are two types of greenhouses.

• The construction is in the form of a rectangle with a roof having 2 slopes. This design ensures a good degree of lighting for plantations. The configuration of the greenhouse makes it possible to organize an acceptable height for facilities for viticulture.
• The structure in the form of a hemisphere (arch). This type of greenhouse has a low price and is characterized by ease of assembly. Such a construction, according to individual indicators, is losing to greenhouses in the form of a rectangle, but also suitable for growing vineyards.

Experienced winegrowers are advised to use a removable top for grapes. A similar pattern makes it possible in the winter to protect the plants from freezing.

The removed roof provides access to precipitation (in particular, snow) inside the greenhouse, which allows the soil to soak in moisture, and the snow layer protects the roots of the vineyard from freezing.

Knowing the characteristics of greenhouses for grapes, you can make the desired design with your own hands. A similar method in comparison with the purchase of finished samples will provide an opportunity to build the most suitable structure and how to equip it.

Design development

When planning the future structure, it is necessary to decide on the size and configuration of the structure, to select materials from which the main elements of the structure will be assembled. Metric area of ​​the greenhouse is determined by how many grape bushes are supposed to be planted. The recommended construction height is 2.5 meters. However, for some types of grapes will be suitable and more low structure.

For the construction of a polycarbonate greenhouse in the form of a hemisphere, the parameters of straight walls can be 4.2 x 1.5 meters. The height of the building in this situation will be 1.5 meters. The width of the greenhouse will depend on the angle of slope of the roof. In addition to the arched configuration, the structure in the shape of a rectangle with a roof having 2 inclined surfaces (slopes) is excellent for grapes.

A similar pattern can be constructed from wooden boards and cellular polycarbonate panels.

Making the base

Before building a greenhouse, it is advisable to build a foundation. The most frequently used option is a ribbon maladupted foundation. The imperfection of such a decision is the high probability of a negative impact on the roots of the vineyard. The concrete base is able to restrain the spread of the roots of the vineyard in width.

As an alternative, you can use metal corners with a size of about a meter. At the bottom of the corner, small thick metal plates are welded on. For a large greenhouse complex, 14 similar support pins may be needed for placement along the perimeter and approximately 7 for center mounting.

Wreck assembly

For the construction of the frame will fit both iron and wood. It is much easier to work with wood bars, since no welding work will be required. Nevertheless, this material loses in a large number of parameters to the metal. The ideal option is the skeleton of galvanized. In the role of fasteners can be used aluminum rivets, screws or bolts.

If welding skills are available, then it will be much easier to assemble the greenhouse by welding.

Mounting

The first step is the manufacture of the skeleton of the future structure. The profile from galvanization is cut on details of the required size. The frame is assembled or welded from components. To fix the polycarbonate panels on the skeleton, you need to install specialized rubber gaskets. Polycarbonate panels are defined on gaskets. At the points of butt joints, metal pads are fixed by means of self-tapping screws. Thus, having built a greenhouse, following all the recommendations, as well as caring for the vineyard with knowledge, you can get an excellent result.

Review of greenhouses for grapes - in the next video.